ECO 5 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECO 5 CA - Essay Example (Koutsoyannis, 192-199) First degree price discrimination- This incorporates negotiation between the individual customers and the seller for selling each unit of output at its corresponding prices, such that the monopolist can receive entire consumer’s surplus. So long as the price, discriminating manages to reap part of the consumers’ surplus his total revenue will be at the peak level, even if sells the quantity at the intersection point of MC curve with the MR curve. 2) Firms that practice price discrimination decide to charge that price for which the marginal cost is equal to the marginal revenue. Corresponding to that point of equality, we will get another point on the average revenue curve, which will tell us the price that the firm should charge to maximize its profits. Firms can also charge price based on the elasticity of demand. This implies an important fact that a monopolist will always operate in the elastic region of the demand curve. A monopolist will not be able to operate in the inelastic region of the demand curve because he will be getting negative marginal revenue, which is not at all desirable hence, he will operate only in the elastic region. If he operates in two markets where the elasticity is higher on one and lower on the other then he will charge a high price in the high elasticity market than in the low elasticity market. Producers can also decide their pricing strategies based on the marginal cost pricing approach. This means that if the producer operates in two markets and if he finds that the marginal cost of production if higher in the first market then in the second market then he will produce less in the first market and charge a high price in that market but in the second market he will produce more and charge a lower price thereby maximizing his profits. (Price Discrimination). The basis differentiation based on the gender for the

Hypertension in the South Side Essay Example for Free

Hypertension in the South Side Essay The population of the Southside Neighborhood in Chattanooga, Tennessee is roughly six hundred and seventy three people. The races residing in this community are blacks, Hispanic, native Hawaiian and other races. The black community is the largest followed by the Hispanic community. In the population of this community, the males are three hundred and eighty while the females are two hundred and ninety three. In addition to this, in this community, about two hundred and fifty people have hypertension. The people with high blood pressure are mostly the African American adults and the old people as well as people from the Hispanic background. Literature Review Hypertension or high blood pressure basically means high tension or pressure in the arteries. Arteries are vessels that carry blood from the heart to all the organs and tissues of the body. In addition to this, hypertension does not necessarily mean excessive emotional tension though stress and emotional tension can temporarily increase the blood pressure of an individual. The normal blood pressure of a person is below 120/80 and the blood pressure between 139/89 and 120/80 is known as pre-hypertension and a blood pressure of 140/90 or above is considered high blood pressure (Weir, 2006). The top number is the systolic blood pressure and it corresponds to the pressure in the arteries as the heart contracts and pumps the blood forward into the arteries (Weir, 2006). The bottom number is the diastolic pressure and it normally reflects the lowest pressure to which the arteries are exposed to (Weir, 2006). An elevation of the diastolic or the systolic blood pressure increases the risk of developing cardiac disease, renal disease, hardening of the arteries, and stroke and eye damage. These complications of high blood pressure are normally referred to as end-organ damage due to the fact that damage to these vital organs is the result of chronic hypertension. For this reason, the diagnosis of hypertension is vital so that efforts can be made to normalize blood pressure of a person and thus prevent further complications. According to Turncock (2007), the American Heart Association approximates high blood pressure roughly affects one in three people in the U. S. It is also expected that high blood pressure will affect about two million children and teens and this clearly portrays that high blood pressure is a major health problem in America. Hypertension normally tends to rise with age and this explains the reason that some of the old people in the Southside Neighborhood have high blood pressure. Most of these old people in this neighborhood are older than fifty years old. The most common form of hypertension that they have is the Isolated systolic hypertension. This kind of hypertension only occurs when the systolic blood pressure that is the top number is high. About two adults out of three adults in this community over the age of fifty five who have hypertension have the isolated systolic hypertension (Weir, 2006). In addition to this, the African American population in the community tends to have more severe high blood pressure and is likely to have it earlier in their lives according to the Chattanooga Hamilton Health Department. However, most of them are more likely to be aware that they have hypertension and normally get treatment faster than the Hispanic community residing in the Southside Neighborhood. On the other hand, according to the Chattanooga Hamilton Health Department, the members of the black community have higher rates than the Caucasians of other causes of death other than die from hypertension related complications such as kidney failure and stroke (Turncock, 2006). The Southside neighborhood faces some risks that are prone to hypertension in the future. For instance, a significant number of some teenagers in the neighborhood are obese or overweight and this makes them more likely to develop pre-hypertension. Being overweight is having extra body weight from bone, muscle, water and fat while being obese is having a high amount of fat deposits in the body. However, fewer adult women in the neighborhood have hypertension. In the Southside Neighborhood, there is a community asset that supports the local public health system in promoting health and improving the quality of life. This asset is the Chattanooga Hamilton County Health Department. And it has been quite successful in carrying out its mandate. The Chattanooga Hamilton County Health Department main roles are to track and investigate health problems and hazards in the Southside community. It has been quite instrumental in advocating for healthy eating habits in an attempt to curb the high rates of obesity that are quite apparent in most teenagers in Southside neighborhood. The Chattanooga Hamilton County Health Department has collaborated with the Tennessee Department of Health to use the populating health information systems such as the hypertension registries in an attempt to find out the kind of people at risk of contracting hypertension. In the Southside neighborhood, the residents are somewhat exposed to air pollution and this can have an adverse effect on them that may lead to hypertension. Polluted air has a negative effect on a person due to the fact that blood normally per fuses all of the organs and carry beneficial substances and toxic substances to other organs. In most cases, air pollution is the source of materials that may enter the bloodstream through the mouth, nose, skin as well as the digestive tract. Harmful chemicals such as lead, benzene and heavy metals, volatile nitrites, carbon monoxide, herbicides and pesticides. According to Stoto (2000), these substances are known to produce harmful effects on the bone marrow, blood, lymph nodes and spleen. In addition to this, the blood cells of a person are regularly undergoing turnover with new cells entering the circulation as the mature cells are lost thus making the blood system very vulnerable to environmental poisoning. For instance, lead normally interferes with the normal formation of the red blood cells by inhibiting some significant enzymes. Furthermore, lead damages the membranes of the red blood cells and interferes with the cell metabolism is a manner that somewhat shortens the survival of each cell (Swayne, 2006). In addition to this, some airborne chemicals normally stimulate the immune system to activate macrophages and leukocytes that can produce extensive damage to the tissues, especially to the cells that normally line the blood vessels. Therefore, the combined effect of these events is to speed up changes that ultimately lead to hypertension or high blood pressure. Therefore, the health departments in Southside neighborhood, Chattanooga should ensure that the residents do not come across heavy metals such as lead that is commonly found in children toys and they should also carry out epidemiology programs in an attempt to be aware of any diseases that might be detrimental to the community. Additionally, this health department should raise the residents awareness of the chemicals discussed above as they can cause hypertension or high blood pressure. The local public health system, private medical practitioners and other interested parties in the Southside neighborhood should come together and adapt a Less Stress Health Program, which will consist of seven parts. These parts should be plan well, move well, pray well, eat well, sleep well, think well and abstain well. If adapted by this neighborhood, this program can prevent hypertension as well as the other diseases that are normally borne out of high blood pressure such as renal failure. By enjoying life well, moving well and eating well, the residents of the neighborhood can reduce the chances of contracting high blood pressure. In addition to this, this program should help the residents of the neighborhood to lead healthy lifestyles by taking measures such as developing fitness plans, lowering their blood cholesterol, lowering body weigh, improving their sleep, relaxing through spiritual nourishment as well as developing hopeful and positive thinking patterns and support (Rowitz, 2009). In due time, all these factors if taken seriously by the residents of the Southside neighborhood, then hypertension and other diseases can be an issue of the past. Additionally, this program should adapt the four steps to better health. The first step will be to record the health data. Secondly, with the aid of any health educator is to set goals in each area of the neighborhood. The third step should be to start to make some needed changes and create less-stress health seminars that will offer advice to the neighborhood on how best to combat or prevent hypertension. The fourth step would be to repeat the health record after every three and seven weeks in order to efficiently serve the neighborhood with the necessary advice regarding how to live or prevent hypertension (Weir, 2006). Furthermore, this program should hold campaign against unhealthy behaviors such as lack of physical activity, poor diet and tobacco use as they are risk factors for getting high blood pressure. In addition to this, obesity and overweight are risk factors for hypertension and this program needs to cater to the young people in the Southside neighborhood as some of them are already obese and this can lead to hypertension or other serious illnesses. Lately in the Southside neighborhood, private and public programs are being designed to promote healthy behavior among the youth. In addition to this, employers are becoming more aware that obesity and being overweight as well as smoking as these habits are affecting the productivity and health of their employees and in the end, this affects the businesses. The result of this is that innovative employers are providing their workers with a range of work-site –based health promotion and programs that prevent diseases such as hypertension. In the long run, these programs will improve the health of the workers as well as increase their productivity and capitulate a noteworthy return on investment for the employers (Pinger, 2008).

Comparing Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Kenneth Branaghs Frankenstei

Comparing Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Kenneth Branagh's Frankenstein Most Americans have some idea of who Frankenstein is, as a result of the many Frankenstein movies. Contrary to popular belief Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a scientist, not a monster. The "monster" is not the inarticulate, rage-driven criminal depicted in the 1994 film version of the novel. Shelley’s original Frankenstein was misrepresented by this Kenneth branagh film, most likely to send a different message to the movie audience than Shelley’s novel shows to its readers. The conflicting messages of technologies deserve being dependent on its creator (address by Shelley) and poetic justice, or triumph over evil (showed by the movie) is best represented by the scene immediately preceding Frankenstein’s monster’s death. In Shelley’s novel, the final picture of Frankenstein’s monster reveals important qualities of his inner nature; he is shown in the last moments of his life to be felling, fully conscious of his guilt, and firm in his decision to end his life. This is the conclusion of a long series of events providing insight into how the monster changed as a result of his creator’s actions and the actions of the people with whom he came in contact. Up until this final point, he has changed from being good and hopeful to being caught up in the desire for a companion, to being evil and only focused on revenge. All these changes are recounted by the monster himself in this scene. (Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine) He was at one point motivated by many good things like as virtue and honor, so much so that he wanted a companion to share in his happy life. â€Å"When I first sought it [sympathy], it was the love of virtue, the feelings of happiness and affec... ...iro portrayal of Frankenstein’s monster has created a false myth of an evil, unintelligent monster that is not at all similar to the one Shelley displays in her novel. Not only does the movie spread a false interpretation of Shelley’s work, it provides the public with no lasting message about technology or about the effects of misplaced human love. Shall we then seek revenge? Shall we destroy that what is evil? Of course not--Shelley gave us all to learn a lesson of tolerance and of correcting our mistakes. Perhaps if a more accurate film version of Frankenstein were available to the public, more people would be motivated to read the book and learn Shelley’s powerful message. Work cited Movies review of Frankenstein www.movietome.com movie review of Frankenstein www.literature.org/authors/shelley-mary/frankenstein The marry shelly novel (Frankenstein)

What Would You Like to Ask?

A group of British Boys, Marooned on an Island A group of British school-boys find themselves marooned on an island (perhaps in the Pacific Ocean). They were being transported by an aircraft from England to some safer country on account of a nuclear war which had broken out in Europe. When, on the way, the aircraft caught fire the pilot released the detachable passenger-tube carrying the school-boys. The passenger-tube crash-landed on this island, and most of the boys managed to come out of it although some were trapped in the passenger-tube which was soon carried away by the waves into the open sea and lost.At first the boys who have landed on the island get scattered but soon they are able to get together when one of the boys by the name Ralph, having discovered a conch-shell, happens to blow it. Ralph now suggests that the boys should have a chief to guide them and to direct their activities. A boy called Jack, who is the leader of a group of choir-boys, says that he should be acc epted as the chief because he is chapter-chorister and head boy and because he can sing C sharp.But Ralph says that the chief should be chosen by votes. As the majority of the boys are in favour of Ralph, Ralph declares himself as the duly elected chief. Ralph now frames certain rules regarding the holding of meetings of the boys and about the conduct of these meetings. He says that, if anyone wishes to address the assembly at any meeting, he should ask for the conch and should hold the conch in his hands. Ralph Elected as the Chief. His Constructive Suggestion A conflict now begins between Ralph and Jack.Ralph had allowed Jack to continue as the leader of his choir-boys. Jack had the designated his choir-boys as the â€Å"hunters†. Having seen pigs on the island, Jack makes plans to hunt down and kill them in order to obtain meat for boys who feel fed up with the fruit which they have to eat everyday to keep themselves alive and who are craving for meat. Jack is a boy of an adventurous spirit, and the desire to hunt pigs becomes an obsession with him. Jack now begins to hate Ralphs because Ralph’s priorities are different fromJack’s. Ralph insists on the maintenance of the fire and the smoke, while Jack is wholly occupied with the hunting of pigs. Jack, having proved quite successful in his hunting expeditions, has won the support of the majority of the big boys who have come to be known as the â€Å"Biguns†. Jack therefore becomes increasingly defiant towards Ralph. Ralph now develops a liking for piggy who becomes an ardent supporter of Ralph. Jack hates Piggy even more than he hates Ralph. A beast on the Mountain-TopOne morning Sam and Eric, who are twins and who had been put on duty one night to keep the fire burning, come in a state of deep perturbation from the mountain-top and tell Ralph and the others that they have seen a beast on the mountain-top and that the beast had tried to chase them in order to seize them. Ralph, Di splaced By Jack. Simon’s Hallucination In the course of one such expedition, Jack offers the head of a slain pig as a gift to the beast in the hope that would not harm him and his hunters.Simon at this time is at his usual hunt in the forest and witnesses the action of Jack and his hunters and his hunters in offering a gift to the beast. Simon, Killed by Jack’s Hunters Jack has now begun to adopt the primitive method of tribal leaders. He refers to his followers as his â€Å"tribe† and he keeps his face painted all the time with red clay, white clay, and charcoal, asking his followers also to paint their faces in the same way. He has also begun to encourage mock-hunts in the course of which the boys dance and sing and chant certain words relating to their hunting operations and their killing of pigs.Jack and his followers now become more and more callous, with the result that, in the course of one mock-hunt, Simon is killed by the hunters. The hunters, in their frenzied excitement, had taken Simon for the beast and had pounced upon him. Jack does not experience the least regret over Simon’s death. Later, Jack accompanied by a couple of his supporters, raids Ralphs camp and takes away Piggy’s spectacles because he and his supporters need the spectacles in order to light a fire every time they want to roast pig-meat.Jack had now become quite oblivious of the to rescued from island ; but Ralph and Piggy are filling constantly worried as to whether any rescue will come, especially now when the cannot light a fire a fire and keep it burning as a distress-signal to the sailors of a passing ship. Piggy, killed. Ralph’s Life in Danger Piggy feels distraught because, without his spectacles he cannot see anything. He therefore says that he would go to Jack and demand the return of his spectacles. Ralphs thereupon calls jack â€Å"a swine† and â€Å"a bloody thief†.There is an exchange of blows between of blows betw een Ralphs and Jack. Then Piggy speaks and, addressing Jack’s savages, urges them to follow a sensible course of action instead of living like primitive savages. At this point Roger, who has become as savage as Jack, releases a rock from above in order to kill piggy. The Savages’ Pursuit of Ralph. Ralph, saved Ralph hides himself in the forest. But a little later he sees the twins standing guard at the entrance to Jack den. In a state of panic he runs out of the forest towards the beach. He stumbles and falls down on the sand.Thinking that now there is no hope for him, he cries for mercy. On looking up, however, he sees a British naval officer in full uniform standing close to him. Thus Ralph’s life has been saved. The officer says that he would take all the boys home. Ralph now bursts into tears. His whole body is shaken by spasms of grief. He weeps at â€Å"the loss of innocence†, at â€Å"the darkness of man’s heart†, and at the thought o f the death of Piggy who was his true friend. Rescue had come, but two noble-minded and innocent boys have been killed in account of the brutality of jack.Evil had reigned supreme on the island for some time. The Allegorical Significance of the Story Golding wanted to demonstrate that the evil instincts in a human being would rise to the surface and assert themselves as soon as that human being has been liberated from the restraints of civilized. The majority of people in this world are inherently evil. Evil is ineradicable, and it asserts itself as soon as it finds a favourable climate. The favourable climate consists in the removal of the fear of law and in the removal of all those restraints which civilized life imposes upon human beings.

Rain Water Harvesting: A Solution To Water Crisis

Water is an essential resource. No one can live and survive without water. Hence, we should not let the source of the life waste, instead we must store it. We can do so by the methods of Rainwater Harvesting. Rainwater Harvesting refers to the process of collecting and storing of rainwater. Rainwater harvesting helps in providing drinking water, water for irrigation, agricultural purposes or for groundwater recharge. It is one of the best solutions to water problem in the areas having inadequate water resources. Rainwater systems are simple to construct. Usually, rainwater is either harvested from the ground or from a roof. During the rainy seasons, the rain water can be collected and stored in the tanks. There are many methods to harvest the rainwater. Usually, the methods used are: Catchments Areas i. e. the areas which receive rainfall directly. In this, paved areas like roof of a building or unpaved area such as open ground or lawns can be used for the catchment areas. Ground catchment techniques has more chances of collecting water from the larger surface areas. Storage system: It is designed according to the amount of water that is needed to be stored. Storage system must be sealed and does not leak. Chlorine must be put from time to time to keep the water clean. Conveyance systems which transfer the rainwater collected on the rooftops to the storage tanks and that is done by making connections to one or more down-pipes connected to the rooftop gutters or pipes. The gutters must be made as such that if it rain starts,the dirt will be washed into the down-pipe and clean water comes out. Advantages/Benefits of Rain water Harvesting: It is one of the best solutions to water problem in the areas having inadequate water resources Reduction of soil Erosion. Improved quality of ground water. Raising of water level in wells and borewells. Reduction in the choking of storm water drains and flooding of the roads. Rain water flows down the hills in the form of small streams which join together to form rivers and lakes. And this is the important and the natural source of water for the living beings. Some of the rain water percolates down the earth until it reaches the hard surface. There it collects to form a large underground water reservoir. Such water is obtained on digging wells and it is called sub-soil water or ground water. Thus, there are three important natural sources of water besides abundantly available sea water. The sea water being saline can not be sued as such either for industries or for domestic consumption. (a) Rain water or snow water. (b) Surface water (river, lakes, streams, canals, ponds, etc. ) (c) Ground water or sub-soil water wells and springs. Rainwater Harvesting In urban areas, the construction of houses, footpaths and roads has left little exposed kuchha earth for water to soak in. In parts of the rural areas of India, flood water quickly flows to the rivers, which then dry up soon after the rains stop. If this water can be held back by storage or by reducing speed of flow, it can seep into the ground and recharge the ground water supply. This has become a very popular method of conserving water especially in the urban areas. Rainwater harvesting essentially means collecting rainwater on the roofs of building and storing it underground for later use. Not only does this recharging arrest ground water depletion, it also raises the declining water table and can help augment water supply. Rainwater harvesting and artificial recharging are becoming very important methods. It is essential to stop the decline in ground water levels, arrest sea-water ingress, i. e. , prevent sea-water from moving landward and conserve surface water run-off during the rainy season. Town planners and civic authority in many cities in India are introducing by-laws making rainwater harvesting compulsory in all new structures. No water or sewage connection would be given, if a new building did not have provisions for rainwater harvesting. Such rules should also be implemented in all the other cities to ensure a rise in the groundwater level. Realizing the importance of recharging ground water, the CGWB (Central Ground Water Board) is taking steps to encourage it through rainwater harvesting in the capital and elsewhere. A number of Government buildings have been asked to adopt water harvesting in Delhi and other cities of India. All you need for a water harvesting system is rain, and a place to collect it. Typically, rain is collected on rooftops and other surfaces, and the water is carried down to where it can be used immediately or stored. You can direct water run-off from this surface to plants, trees or lawns or even to the aquifer. Some of the benefits of rainwater harvesting are as follows: I. Increases water availability II. Checks the declining water table III. Is environmentally friendly IV. Imporves the quality of ground water through the dilution of fluoride, nitrate, and salinity V. Prevents soil erosion and flooding, especially in urban areas

Daniel Erasmus and the strategic merging of internal and external planning within organisations The WritePass Journal

Daniel Erasmus and the strategic merging of internal and external planning within organisations Introduction Daniel Erasmus and the strategic merging of internal and external planning within organisations IntroductionReferences:Related Introduction Daniel Erasmus (2008), stated that, scenarios is the process which merge inside and outside planning within organisations in order to create a new strategic planning to the future. However, scenario planning created in 1960 by shell group planning ina; order to become the eyes that perceive the prospect of the world future outside the organisation, by showing the right direction that most influences the company environment. Therefore, it is described as a graphic with is detailed and probability view of how the business environment of the company will develop in the future according to the performance of the group and influences, (Lynch 2003). Moreover, (kotler 2003) also argues that scenario planning as the stability of creating possibility illustration of the company prospectively future in different theories about motivating the market as well differentiations suspicions. According to Kippenberger, (1999), private and public organisations both derive the business environmental that is diversity. Whereas, the companies have to be prepare in order to cope with variety changes internal and internal and they must to become to perceive the image about the changes in the future possibility within the business environment. Nevertheless, business must to consider using one scenario prospect as strategic planning, so it will then be possible to have visionary of what might happen and having the solutions to solve problems, this will allows the company to create their own business strategies. References: danielerasmus.com/publications_files/Introduction%20to%20Scenario%20Thinking_1.pdf

a compromise for the future essays

a compromise for the future essays As America enters the new millennium, our nation faces an enormous challenge. This challenge is to enable the economic expansion of recent years to continue and to reach even higher levels of prosperity. In order for this to happen, many factors will have to be examined and new policies must be implemented that will help the economy strive. In an era that has seen many changes in the regulatory policies of the American government, the future must hold an atmosphere of open-mindedness that will encourage cooperation between the major industries and those people on capital hill. They will decide what direction regulatory policies will travel towards in the new century. In the past, U.S. policy towards big industry has been aimed at giving the average consumer an edge against those companies that seek to reap the profits of business by digging deep into the pocket books of Americans. The first industry to be targeted by regulatory policies was the railroad industry. Starting with the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1887, the government decided to try and prevent the monopolistic exploitation of passengers by limiting fares and routes as well as entrance into the market. At the time, there were no interstate highways, no buses, and no airplanes to compete with the railroad companies. A century later, this became a matter for deregulation because railroads were not able to compete with these alternate forms of transportation that arose. The evolution of the railroad industry, as well as the regulations imposed on it, are perfect examples of why policy makers need to have an open mind when deciding on today's regulat ory policies. We live in a time that is witnessing an unprecedented surge in technology and innovation. Therefore, thinking about regulating, or for that matter deregulating industry, should not be taken lightly. As the 21st century begin ...

Quotations About Endangered Species

Quotations About Endangered Species People all around the world are talking about endangered species. Opinions circulate, facts are figured, and tempers have been known to flare. It becomes an interesting study to learn not only what makes a species endangered, but how people react to these species predicaments and what might be done to protect them The following is a list quotes by politicians, actors, authors, and other well-known public figures who, in one way or another, have felt a need to speak up on the issue of endangered species conservation. Notable Quotes Lawrence Anthony Workable solutions for Earth are urgently needed. Saving seals and tigers, or fighting yet another oil pipeline through a wilderness area, while laudable, is merely shuffling the deck chairs on the Titanic. Norm Dicks The Endangered Species Act is the strongest and most effective tool we have to repair the environmental harm that is causing a species to decline. Yao Ming Endangered species are our friends. Martin Jenkins, Can We Save the Tiger? When it comes to looking after all the species that are already endangered, theres such a lot to do that sometimes it might all seem to be too much, especially when there are so many other important things to worry about. But if we stop trying, the chances are that pretty soon well end up with a world where there are no tigers or elephants, or sawfishes or whooping cranes, or albatrosses or ground iguanas. And I think that would be a shame, dont you? Jay Inslee What is a fish without a river? What is a bird without a tree to nest in? What is an Endangered Species Act without any enforcement mechanism to ensure their habitat is protected? It is nothing. Bruce Babbitt Well, I think [Im most proud of] breathing life into the Endangered Species Act, taking those wolves back into Yellowstone, restoring the salmon in the rivers of the Pacific Northwest. Id say thats at the top. Alex Meraz Actually I do support a charity, Defenders of Wildlife. They help protect endangered species. Aldo Leopold, Sand County Almanac If education really educates, there will, in time, be more and more citizens who understand that relics of the old West add meaning and value to the new. Youth yet unborn will pole up the Missouri with Lewis and Clark, or climb the Sierras with James Capen Adams, and each generation, in turn, will ask: Where is the big white bear? It will be a sorry answer to say he went under while conservationists werent looking. Jack Hanna The snow leopard is absolutely magnificent. It represents really what endangered species are all about. Jim Saxton It is a drastic mistake to eliminate the provisions that have to do with the protection of habitat for endangered species. It is my opinion that the Endangered Species Act is 99 percent about protecting critical habitat. Dave Barry The real threat to whales is whaling, which has endangered many whale species. Steve Irwin Take the crocodile, for example, my favorite animal. There are 23 species. Seventeen of those species are rare or endangered. Theyre on the way out, no matter what anyone does or says, you know. Russell Banks Chimpanzees are endangered. Severely. Charles Clover, The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat Celebrity chefs are the leaders in the field of food, and we are the led. Why should the leaders of chemical businesses be held responsible for polluting the marine environment with a few grams of effluent, which is sublethal to marine species, while celebrity chefs are turning out endangered fish at several dozen tables a night without enduring a syllable of criticism? Bill Vaughan The whale is endangered, while the ant continues to do just fine. Source Clover, Charles. End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat. Paperback, Ebury, March 1, 2005.

Midterm exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Midterm exam - Assignment Example The new constitution, of the Second Republic, established a strong Executive, and also a President elected through popular vote by universal male suffrage, instead of the National Assembly. In the election held on December 10-11, 1884, five candidates participated; they included Lois Napoleon, General Cavaignac, Lamartine, Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin, and Raspail. The election campaign of Napoleon appealed to the left and the right. His manifesto supported family, religion, property, and eternal basis of social order; in addition to providing more work, ensuring comfortable old age for workers, and introducing favorable industrial laws. The election results were announced on December 20, 1884 and Louis Napoleon won with 5,572,834 votes, 74.2 % of total votes cast. After the victory, he immediately moved to the Elysee Palace (Spitzer 36). Louis Napoleon became Napoleon III on December 2, 1852. Following official request by for the Empire’s return, the Senate organized a referendum to be held on November 21-22, 1852, concerning making Napoleon emperor. 97% of voters voted in favor of the referendum, this represents 7,824,129 votes. Hence on December 2, 1852 the second republic ended and the Empire was restored. The referendum victory, therefore, introduced the Second French Empire; and the President’s title changed to Emperor Napoleon III (Spitzer 40). The main priority of Emperor Napoleon III was modernizing the French economy, which was behind the economy of United Kingdom and some German states. Napoleon IIII wanted the government to have an active role in the improvement of the economy. He advocated for the government enhancing infrastructure necessary for economic growth. He ensured the rebuilding of central Paris; this rebuilding enhanced commercial innovation and expansion. Borne Marche, the first departmental store in Paris was opened din 1852. The Emperor opened the French market to

House of Tata Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

House of Tata - Case Study Example The group companies would have been effective in purchasing the shares from Tata Sons. However, collusion between the companies with regard to the purchase of the exchange share would have violated the law. According to the media, the plan by Ratan of increasing the equity holdings would have raised concerns regarding the overvaluation of the shares. The deal lacked the benefit for companies that invested in the initiative (Lynch 56). The initiative by Ratan of selling 20 percent stake in the TIL to colossal of the Hong Kong-based Jardine Matheson group. This was a good idea since the firm was significantly influential throughout Asia. This deal added value by pushing the share capital of TIL up by Rs. 119, and this enhanced the venture start-ups promoted through the TIL. Ratan anticipated of Jardine contributing to the expertise in most business activities like distribution and retailing, hotels, engineering, real estate, financial services and construction. This move added value to TIL since the two companies had similar interests in exploration of potential synergy in their financial businesses. This necessitated creation of major networks for distribution of cars. Jardine believed that Ratan was careful thinker and planner, with the long-term decisions being spot-on. Though Ratan admitted of the joint venture not reading the market accurately, it was worthwhile for Jardine having stakes in Ratan (Wiersema and Joseph 65). Tata was considering several steps they hoped would give the group strong collective identity. This aimed at making Tata brand take responsibility of promoting unified brand that could have been used by all members that subscribe to the Brand Equity Scheme. Every company could have derived the benefits of promoting the Tata brand and hence enhance the Tata affiliation. The Tata sons would have required annual net income contribution of each company to meet the development costs, protect and promote the brand. The idea was good since each co mpany had to pay contribution based on the degree of brand association. Also, the involved companies had to pay the code of conduct in ensuring uniform ethical and high quality business practices. The participating companies must recognize the outstanding representation of the Tata values (Wren 98). The advantage of this initiative is that most of these countries encouraged Tata adopt a globalized and strong corporate campaign. Though the companies wanted to take advantage of the ward and opportunities off the competitive threats that emerged dramatically due to the expansion of the Indian economy, the Tata son used the fee paid by the companies in building a national and international group brand. This also enabled them emphasize on core ethics and values through advertisements. However, the domestic brand promotion would have cost the company extra Rs. 300 million yearly. The scheme also generated the debates on investment in media and public. The scheme was slated to be retroacti vely effective and was deferred in order to incorporate the additional features depending on the evolving views. This led to some Tata shareholders resenting the attempt by the Tata sons of asserting itself beyond the limits of the ordinary shareholder. Others doubted of the brand recognition offering immediate benefit to their companies while still others claimed that it was not necessarily the Tata name that promoted their success. Most companies, which benefited from the use of Tata name,

The Melinder Recycling Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Melinder Recycling Company - Essay Example If this statement is true, then at the beginning of the relationship, the expected standards should be set and communicated to the employee by the manager. In Milinder's situation some of the managers may be lacking in their communication skills and therefore may not be communicating the job requirements and expectations at the initial hiring of the candidate. One solution to the lack of experience by the managers is an intense and ongoing training program. The managers need further training in how to communicate their expectations to the new hires.. Milinder's managers need training in communication but also in the hiring process. "When it is difficult to recruit candidates and there is pressure to fill a job quickly, managers often lower their job qualifications and assume a high risk by hiring marginal candidates." (Roseman, 1981, pg 79). It was nice that you established the fact that some of the managers had been promoted from within and that the ensuing poor leadership was one of the primary reasons why the company was experiencing high turnover. You even touched on a solution.

Birth Environments and Labour Choices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Birth Environments and Labour Choices - Essay Example The overall object of providing care to women experiencing labour and birth is to bring about a convincing experience for not only the woman but also to the entire family, while preserving their health, responding immediately to emergencies and preventing complications. A pregnant woman has to make various decisions regarding the place and the way she wishes to deliver her baby. As there are various options for where she may decide to have the birth along with the options of how she may decide to deliver. Despite all these factors, the environment a woman chooses to labour can greatly impact the amount of anxiety and fear she may experience. The birth setting is greatly powerful and can be regarded as a differentiating factor between a traumatic or fulfilling experience of childbirth. Attention to detail as well as careful concern of the different birth environment dimensions constitutes most favourable circumstances for the progression of labour. Hospital is an estranging environment for majority women, in which privacy issues and institutionalised routines can lead to feelings of lack of control (Lock and Gibb, 2003). It has been reported that the interventions and technology that has become usual on various labour wards was concerned in womenâ⠂¬â„¢s frustration with labour (Lumley and Brown, 1994). Enhanced anxiety induced through lack of control can intervene with the regular effective labour physiology (Steele, 1995). Since the control or lack of control are regarded as essential to the women’s labour experience and their consequential wellbeing (Simkin, 1992). It has been found that there are three categories of birth places (an essential part of the birth environment) from which women may chose the one they suppose will be the most comfortable for them during the different phases of labour. These include home birth, birth centres and hospitals.

The Case of Australian Securities and Investment Commission Essay

The Case of Australian Securities and Investment Commission - Essay Example The issues in the cases about Paul, Kim, and Karen in the texts involve the following scenarios; Paul suggested that Properties One Pty Ltd (PO) should be the consultants for their company SIL to investigate the most appropriate place for a new power plant in Toowoomba region. Whilst doing this Paul did not inform the other directors that his wife was a director and a major shareholder at PO. Paul also hired the Security One Pty Ltd (SO) on the basis that it had a nice website instead of doing a thorough background check on the company to find out if it was a registered company, the management and even the track record of the company. The other issue is that Kim informed Judy the sister-in-law about SIL proposal and she went ahead to buy shares at PO. Karen’s issue is that she entered into a contract with Conveyers Australia Ltd after she was informed by the Chief Financial Officer that the prices of coal would go up by 25% because of the cold weather but she ignored as she on ly saw it as a short-term issue and used it to benefit herself. According to the Corporations Act (2001) of ASIC, directors are officers of a corporation and are supposed to oblige to the duties they are entitled to in section 9 CA. â€Å"Section 182 states that a director must not improperly use their position to gain an advantage for themselves or someone else, or cause detriment to the corporation.† Paul broke this law by suggesting the PO Company be used by SIL to promote the company of which his wife is a major shareholder and a director. Additionally, Paul breached section 180(1) which stated that â€Å"directors must exercise their powers and discharge their duties with the degree of care and diligence that a reasonable person would in that position.† Paul used his power to hire the security firm that was not registered and hired the firm based on the fact it had an attractive website, therefore, leading to theft in the company. Kim and Karen improperly used their powers in order to make a selfish gain.

Birth Environments and Labour Choices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Birth Environments and Labour Choices - Essay Example The overall object of providing care to women experiencing labour and birth is to bring about a convincing experience for not only the woman but also to the entire family, while preserving their health, responding immediately to emergencies and preventing complications. A pregnant woman has to make various decisions regarding the place and the way she wishes to deliver her baby. As there are various options for where she may decide to have the birth along with the options of how she may decide to deliver. Despite all these factors, the environment a woman chooses to labour can greatly impact the amount of anxiety and fear she may experience. The birth setting is greatly powerful and can be regarded as a differentiating factor between a traumatic or fulfilling experience of childbirth. Attention to detail as well as careful concern of the different birth environment dimensions constitutes most favourable circumstances for the progression of labour. Hospital is an estranging environment for majority women, in which privacy issues and institutionalised routines can lead to feelings of lack of control (Lock and Gibb, 2003). It has been reported that the interventions and technology that has become usual on various labour wards was concerned in womenâ⠂¬â„¢s frustration with labour (Lumley and Brown, 1994). Enhanced anxiety induced through lack of control can intervene with the regular effective labour physiology (Steele, 1995). Since the control or lack of control are regarded as essential to the women’s labour experience and their consequential wellbeing (Simkin, 1992). It has been found that there are three categories of birth places (an essential part of the birth environment) from which women may chose the one they suppose will be the most comfortable for them during the different phases of labour. These include home birth, birth centres and hospitals.

Reflection paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Reflection - Research Paper Example On the other side, the director did not try to make use of his individual freedom in the movie Lord of the Flies. In short, I consider the film Lord of the Flies as the visual version of the novel. This reflection paper is divided into three: human psychology, alienation and survival instinct, and struggle to gain ultimate power. Human psychology I like to visualize how I react when I happen to reach an uninhabited island. In the film, one can see that the director followed the novel, but provides ample importance to human psychology. For instance, the boys (say, military school cadets) like Ralph and Jack possess leadership quality. Ralph tries to make use of his leadership quality to help others and plans to escape from the island. But Jack makes of his leadership quality to intimidate others and to control them. The clash between Ralph and Jack divides the boys into two groups. One can see that cohesive feeling leads to unity in a diverse society. When we face a personal problem, our family members help us to solve the same. Within the context of the film, cohesive feeling helps the boys to survive. But some of the boys under Jack’s leadership exhibit their real character of savagery. On the other side, revolt against leadership is related to survival. ... In the film, Jack is not ready to use him leadership quality for the wellbeing of his followers. Instead, he tries to kill Ralph and his followers. So, the director makes use of the characters like Ralph and Jack to unveil the differences among human beings. Alienation and survival instinct If I happen to be in a far away Island, I will try my level best to survive. Then, I will consider the scope of escaping from the Island. One can see that survival is most important for an individual who is entrapped in a lonely island. In the film, the director portrays the boys’ attempt to survive in the island. The boys are military school cadets but they face alienation in the island because their motherland is far away. When we face the problem of alienation in the society, we react differently. For instance, some individuals will be ready to face the problem and some others will consider that their life is doomed. But some others will try to grab leadership. In the film, most of the b oys are ready to accept Ralphs’ leadership, because he is an inborn leader. The boys considered that Ralph can help the group to escape from the island. The survival instinct inherent in human beings is helpful to deal with critical conditions in life. But Jack considers Ralph as an enemy and tries to kill him. One can see that Jack’s aim was not to escape from the island, but to create his own kingdom in the island. He provides less importance to alienation and related issues. In the film, Ralph’s leadership proves to be unsuccessful because he fails to take apt decisions in critical conditions. On the other side, Jack exploits Ralph’s drawbacks and gains the confidence of the other members of the group. The struggle to gain ultimate power The fight between good and

A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner Essay Example for Free

A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner Essay There are popular sayings that goes â€Å"love moves in mysterious ways† and â€Å"love makes people crazy. † The amalgam of those sayings would somehow serve as a rough description of William Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily. † Since its publication, the story still captures the imagination of many present-day readers—although, in a disturbing way. The title is deceptively, and ingeniously for that matter, designed to make the story seem as a love story. It is important to note that a rose is a generally accepted symbolism for love. However, the story begins with the death of the protagonist. Actually, there are many points in the story that would lead the readers to the conclusion that Faulkner’s story is far from a love story. This reading will be standing beside the argument that â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a love story that presents to the readers love in an unfamiliar form. Faulkner exquisitely described how Emily is madly in love with Homer. She even dreams of being married to him someday. Faulkner’s details resemble a layout of a typical love story. However, all of those beautiful renditions of Emily’s love are just diversions to the author’s twists. When Emily mentioned that she wants to be married to Homer, he replied that â€Å"he was not a marrying man† (366). The reader could almost picture Emily as a rose whose petals are torn by the sharp gust of wind of Homer’s subtle rejection. This particular event of her life had significantly contributed to her impending insanity. And because Emily loves Homer so much, Emily had devised a plan to keep him beside her. She had poisoned Homer, paralyzing him for a moment, and then for eternity. She then set Homer’s lifeless body in her bed, then slept with him—in every context of the word slept. Emily’s version of love could be described as unconventional. The story begins describing how the townspeople of Jefferson (Faulkner’s fictional city) treated her â€Å"†¦a sort of fallen monument† (Faulkner 5). Even though the townspeople treat Emily in a revered manner, it would be arguable that they have love for her. In the first part, Emily is already dead and her pitiful yet gruesome background would be unfolded as the plot progresses. A safer claim to make about the townspeople treatment to Emily is that they pity her at the same time disgusted by her life, or more particularly, her love life. The shocking ending, considered a classic, reveals to the readers that Emily had murdered the one she truly loves, Homer Barron. It is just understandable that the townspeople of Jefferson and the readers (of the real world) would raise the question: could this be considered love? If we would set aside the conventional notions of love (like couples promising to each other eternity, sincerely caring for one another, a mutual understanding, etc. ), Emily’s version of love would certainly be dismissed. However, we could still interpret Emily’s actions as out of love, but to put it more succinctly, it should be categorized as unrequited love. It should not be disputed anymore that anyone is capable love, even those with hints of insanity. Moreover, it is a general notion that a person who loves someone needs some kind of returned love. And if love is unrequited, the most likely effect on the unrequited lover would be a seemingly incurable misery. Emily’s murder of Homer is oftentimes interpreted as an act of desperation. On the other hand, it could also regarded as an reaction to the subliminal messages of her love and passion for Homer. As we know of love, through literature and real life, it could paint in our minds illusions of being easily loved back. Emily may have been genuinely convinced that she would someday marry Homer and that they would spend eternity in each other’s arms. The living Homer had rejected her proposal, she may have immediately though that the dead Homer may compromise. Moreover, she had set the dead body in a bed, a symbolism for marriage. In addition, it is implied that she had slept with the dead body of Homer. It is important to consider that the context of the story is a time period where the people are mostly conservatives, especially the aristocrats like Emily’s family. It could be interpreted that she did not slept with the body out of mere lust, it could be something close to being love itself. Emily’s life could be considered lacking love. The title, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, suggests that she desperately needs to be loved. She loved her aristocratic lifestyle and her father who provides it for her. But when her father had passed away, she may have felt that all she loved had gone to grave with her father, â€Å"†¦being left alone and a pauper, she had become humanized† (366). Considering her mental state, she had found love in Homer, he does not want to be with her, it is just understandable that she would do anything to be with the one she loves. After all, the topic at hand is love, a term and a concept with no satisfying definition. Even science admits that love is more than just chemical reactions. If we would delve further in this attempt to understand love, we might just end up mad like Emily. Works Cited Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. An Introduction to Literature. Ed. Joseph Terry. New York: Longman, 2001

Social Performance with regards to Business Ethics and Labor

Social Performance with regards to Business Ethics and Labor Marriott International Introduction When companies strike an outstanding social performance, the community tends to remember the significance of the companys management and operation. Marriott International Incorporation is recognised as one of the top leading hospitality industry with over 6000 hotels in 120 countries worldwide (Marriott 2017). Marriotts success comes from their core values, where they believe people comes first and by providing excellent customer service, it will keep the business consistent. This essay will discuss the negative and positive aspect of Marriotts social performance and examine the impact of its performance upon society and particular stakeholders. The involved stakeholders in this essay are hotel owners, employees, customers, and suppliers. This essay will also highlight Marriotts achievements for embracing diversity and its required improvement on forced unionisation for the workers. This essay will conclude on evaluating Marriotts social performance as a whole with regards if it succ essfully fulfilled societys expectation and on how the company operates when confronted with labor issues. A labor case against Marriott International Many hospitality industries are currently facing challenges to maintain its position in this competitive market. A labor issue that occurred in 2002 made Marriott faced an adverse effect for the companys development. It broke a promise of its vision statement, where which emphasise its employees should be provided an opportunity to work and feel welcomed to Marriott (Sorenson 2013). In 2001, a case disclosed that Marriott International wanted to secure two of its flagship hotels, Marriott Marquis and Marriott Financial Centre in New York City union free whilst, the less-known Marriott-managed properties were proposed to be an unionised workforce (Randles 2013). Marriott formed this secret agreement with its hotel workers union in New York and was sued for over $500 million by a hotel owner (Voris 2013). In early 2001, the former hotel owner, Madison 92nd Street Associates LLC, of Courtyard by Marriott Madison East (Randles 2013) had a business interest that involves a management agreement with Marriott to manage Madisons hotels under the Courtyard Marriott name (Meyer 2015). However, at that same period of time, Madison was uninformed about the ongoing secret agreement Marriott had with its New York hotel workers union. When Courtyard was opened for business in 2002, Courtyard hotel was classified as a union workforce. According to the lawsuit, Madison had assumptions with regards to the management agreement, where Madison thought Courtyard would have been declared as a non-unionised workforce due to the fact that Marriott was known as a union-free workforce company (Longstrerth 2013). As a result of Courtyard employees unionsised, the post effects were reported that there was an increase in labor and operating costs (Randles 2013). Labor costs are the biggest expense for hotel managers. Hence, Courtyard started facing bad financial performance annually as there was an increase in $2 million on the companys operating costs (Longstrerth 2013). Courtyards economic development was unstable as the hotel started losing big amounts of revenues and profits. By 2011, Courtyards managers faced a bankruptcy phase and were desperate for bankruptcy protection (Voris 2014). With the labor unionisation agreement, it led to a drastic impact on Courtyards stakeholders. The workers were obliged to union work rules and policies, where they faced any form of heavy labor, while being subjected to poor working environment (Randles 2013). Certain union policies had effects on the satisfaction of its workers and produced low work quality. According to the lawsuit, workers in New York pro perties (Randles 2013) experienced the benefit as a union-free workforce and gained competitive advantage. The unequal treatment of its stakeholders in different hotel properties showed a misstep to reflect its social responsibility, which was ensuring its employees are comfortable at work. Marriott disregarded its commitment to ethical business practices and neglected their Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility. Marriott Internationals Business Ethics and Cultural Diversity In todays business climate, every hospitality company aims to create a positive impact on its employees, suppliers, hotel owners and society. Due to higher expectations from society, hospitality industries that are unable to reach its customer satisfactory level could potentially lead to poor business. However, at Marriott International, the company strongly believes its stakeholders should be valued as Marriots first priority and to always feel welcomed (Marriott 2017). The establishment of Formal Diversity Programs on 1989 (Marriott 2015) has made a significant development upon the businesss company today. The outcome from these Supplier Diversity Programs, called Exchanges has shaped Marriott into a diversified hospitality industry, which provides working opportunities predominantly for minorities, women and people with disabilities (Wiggins 2016). By 2002, Marriott observed progress from their Supplier Diversity Programs, where $150 million of its total procurement was spent from Marriott with minority and women business suppliers. (PR Newswire 2003). The connection between Marriotts identity and procurement has an important part for the companys reputation. Marriott is known for strong work ethics with deeply rooted values, where they respect differences and embraces inclusiveness (Marriott 2017). The companys procurement strategy should then follow that ethical identity. At Marriott, suppliers play an essential role as it provides the products and services customers expect. Suppliers that uphold different values and principles from Marriott would face difficulty cooperating with them. Marriott believes a strong connection with its suppliers will maintain a substantial business liaison between stakeholders while receiving economic growth and a positive image for the company. According to Marriotts sustainability report, for nearly 9 years, Supplier Diversity Programs has spent approximately $4.5 billion with diverse suppliers, starting from 2003 until 2014 (Marriott 2015). The National Minority Supplier Developmental Council, US Hispanic, National Gay and Lesbian Chamber of Commerce, and the Womens Business Enterprise National Council are some of the 4000 diverse organisations that are currently in partnership with Marriott (Marriott 2017). Throughout Marriotts business years, the company has been constantly recognised for its ethical business standard. With unity in his heart, the Executive Chairman, J.W Bill Marriott, Jr. has earned the Hospitality Industry Diversity Institute (HIDI) award on February 11, 2002 (PR Newswire 2003). From Marriotts business approach on promoting diversity and value inclusion, its associates was known for their work and was honored with the J.W. Marriott, Jr. Diversity Excellence Award (Marriot 2017). Recently, Great Place to Work ® and Fortune acknowledged Marriott for being one of the 50 best workplaces for diversity (Wiggins 2016). The foundation of Marriotts success revolves around its dedication to a global diverse workforce and its superior business ethics. For 25 years, Marriott has formally devoted its company towards diversity and inclusion and for 10 years of this commitment was also executed by the Board Committee (Sorenson 2013). Marriott was founded under the philosophy that (Marriot 2012) the value for its guests comes from the value Marriott gives towards its employees. Marriotts culture made a magnetic impact upon its stakeholders, especially to its customers and society. It attracts its guests to keep coming back to Marriott hotels and the company earns recommendation from our loyalty guests to other new guests. Good ethical policies enable its customers to form long lasting business relations with Marriott and the company will then gain strong loyalties with its stakeholders.

The Impact of the Electric Guitar on Music Essay -- Exploratory Essays

The Impact of the Electric Guitar on Music Everyone has moments when they feel as if they have found the wrong place. Now, it was time for one young gentleman to partake in one of these moments. A salesman had an appointment for a meeting with a wealthy man, yet he found himself wondering if he had arrived at the correct office. This was supposed to be a millionaire’s office, yet as he looked around the room, he saw no leather couches or expensive desks. In fact, the room was sparsely furnished, and had no carpeting. There was a desk, a rather common one that was too cluttered with blueprints and assorted papers to recognize, anyway. Also cluttered, a metal bookcase was in the corner, covered with speaker parts and catalogues. This enormously wealthy man even saved a disposable Styrofoam cup, which was sitting on his desk with his name labeled on it. Still hoping to find the owner, the salesman peeked in a back room, where he found nothing but dust, drills and punch presses. The man exclaimed, â₠¬Å"Maybe it was the room down the hall† as he turned around. With this turn he bumped into the father of the solid-body electric guitar and the man he had been looking for. Mr. Fender then responded with a whole-hearted, â€Å"Can I help you?† (Wheeler, 1982, pp. 42-43). The sought after executive was a man named Clarence Leo Fender, who was responsible for the first successful mass marketing of the solid-body electric guitar. However, it was an innovation that came after people were already using the electric guitar. For years before Fender’s success began in 1948, hollow-body electric guitars had been produced and used by top names in the guitar business, such as Lonnie Johnson, Eddie Lang, and Blind L... ... in American life. Smithsonian Productions. Retrieved December 21, 2001, from http://www.si.edu/sp/onair/guitar1.htm. Mongan, N. (1983). The history of the guitar in jazz. New York: Oak. Pareles, J. (2000, November 12). The humble instrument that conquered the world. New York Times, p. 1, sec. 2. Romana, H., Gustafson, G., Purse, B., & Daft, M. (1998, March). Guitar: Past, present and future. Music Educators Journal, 5, 84. Retrieved December 18, 2001 from EBSCOhost Database. Thompson, A., Levy, A., Ellis, A., & Fox, D. (1998, December). Legends of the Paul. Guitar Player, 32, 106-123. Retrieved January 4, 2002, from Proquest Database. Waksman, S. (n.d.). Instruments of desire: The electric guitar and the shaping of musical experience. Cambridge: Harvard. Wheeler, T. (1982). American guitars: An illustrated history. New York: Harper.

Bat Case Report

Executive Summary BAT is a technology that sells financial software to individuals and organizations. BAT’s success had attracted a number of competitors. BAT differentiated itself by committing to free tech support for the life of the product. BAT started its call center operations in 1987 with 6 technicians which grew to over a 100 technicians by 2002. However, the call center has been under pressure in terms of long waiting times for customers. Such poor service was beginning to take its toll on the company’s reputation.We recommend that BAT should implement the Fast Track proposal in order to improve customer service and the company’s bottom line. We understand that free technical support is BAT’s value proposition and central to its business model, but we will show with our analysis why this is the best approach to follow. Qualitatively, 1. BAT will still maintain free support with Fast Track. Fast track will only create market segmentation. Customers on top of the market pyramid who are readily willing to pay can be tapped. . Fast Track will convert the call center from a cost center into a profit center. With the revenue being generated out of Fast Track calls, BAT can staff the call center with more technicians to improve service levels for standard callers. Current Situation BOP Team 1 is consists of 8 customer service technicians and the arrival rate of customers is 22. 5 customers/hour. The average time to deal with one customer is 18. 2 minutes. Therefore, the service rate capacity per technician is 3. 2967 customers/hour.After running the Steady-State, Infinite Capacity Queues model, the average waiting time of customers is 0. 14979 hour, which equals to about 9 minutes and there will be in average 3. 37 customers waiting in the queue. Please refer to Appendix 1 for details. Since the arrival rate and the service capacity rate cannot be shortened, increasing number of technician is the only way to shorten the average wai ting time down to less than 1 minute. We ran the model again by adding more technicians one by one, and we found that the average waiting time decrease down to about half minutes at 11 technicians.Please refer to Appendix 2 for details. Fast Track We considered different staffing plans and ran Queuing Macro for average wait time. We considered adding servers and keeping one queue, and other scenarios with dedicated Fast Track Servers. We ran Queuing Macro under five different staffing scenarios: (Please note that we have dedicated Fast track servers in Scenarios 4 and 5) Scenario No| No of Standard Servers| No of Fast Track Servers| 1| 8| 0| 2| 9| 0| 3| 10| 0| 4| 7| 1| 5| 7| 3| The following results were observed:Refer to Appendix 3 for spreadsheet calculations. As observed in the data, Scenario 2 and 3 succeed in keeping Average waiting for track customers to less than 1 minute. Scenario 2 uses less number of resources. Scenario 2 (9 technicians) is the best staffing level, without dedicated servers for Fast Track. Economics of Fast Track We’ve now established that Scenario 2 and 3 keep average wait time to less than 1 minute to help meet the Fast Track Guarantee. In Scenario2, The average server utilization is 75%, which is an adequate level.The additional yearly net revenue that can be obtained ranges from $54,325 to $376,300 depending if 10% or 40% of customers become Fast Track customers. In Scenario 3, The average server utilization is 68%, which is not as good as in the previous scenario. The additional yearly net revenue that can be obtained is also less attractive, ranging from $1,325 to $323,300. Also considering a scenario where we keep 11 technicians, The average server utilization decreases to 62%. The additional net revenue/loss that can be obtained per year is now not so attractive, ranging from a net loss of 51,675 to a net revenue of $270,300. Scenario 2 (9 Servers) offers the best revenue opportunities. Free Service for Fast customers waiting over 1 minute. We did some simulations to see what happens if BAT offers Fast Track service, charging $2 / minute, but giving the service for free if the customer waits over 1 minute. According to the â€Å"Queuing† macro, with 1 additional server there is a 30. 7% chance that any given customer (whether Fast Track or Standard) will wait more than 1 minute.Considering that 10% of these customers are Fast Track individuals, we obtain an arrival rate of 30. 7% * 10% * 22. 5 customers/hr = 0. 69 customers / hr. On the other hand, considering that 40% of customers are Fast Track individuals, we obtain an arrival rate of 30. 7% * 40% * 22. 5 customers/hr = 2. 7 customers / hr This means that, on average, the number of Fast Track customers who will wait over 1 minute ranges from 0. 69 / hr to 2. 7 / hr. In other words, roughly anywhere from 1 to 3 Fast Track customers per hour will be waived from the Fast Track fee.As seen on Appendix â€Å"xxxxx† (Table 4), this rep resents a loss of annual revenue ranging between $2,197 and $8,786. However, despite declines in revenue, this fee-waiver option will surely improve customer’s experience and customer loyalty. Therefore, we recommend Scenario 2 (hiring 1 additional server) in order to implement Fast Track, charging $2 / minute and including the fee-waiver option if waiting time exceeds 1 minute. Service Contracts vs Pay per call There are several aspects to consider when deciding if BAT should offer service contracts or just pay-per-call.Firstly, offering charged technician support goes against BAT’s original value proposition, however, pay-per-call maintained free service option. Also, pay-per-call could differentiate itself from the industry norm. It is easier for customers to accept. BAT has been offering free technician service to support its product since the founding of the company. Free technician support is part of BAT’s value proposition to customers. While charging pay -per-call service is already deviating from BAT’s core value, following the industry norm to offer service contracts could negatively impact the value proposition of BAT.Secondly, offer service contracts require higher investment caused by increased volume of customer calls. With pay-per-call service, customer will only call technician support when they are encountering problems that are urgent and customer can not only solve by themselves in a timely fashion. And since the call is charged on the minute basis, customers are more likely to keep the call short. Whereas, with service contracts, customers could call technician support with any question, and tend to stay on the line longer that they actually need to.There will be an increase of number of phone calls if BAT decides to offer service contracts. The increase of number of phone calls and prolonged time for each phone call will require BAT to invest heavily in terms of human resource and training. Overall, in terms of e conomic value and flexibility in operation, the Pay-per-call option is more preferable than service contracts. Pay-per-call requires less investment in human resource and training, also it has the flexibility to not charge customer, if their waiting time exceeds 1 minute.

Extreme tourism and Antarctica Essay

What is Extreme Tourism? Extreme tourism is an offshoot of mainstream tourism that involves the tourist going to areas with a hazardous landscape combined with a dangerous climate or remote areas that are either sparsely populated or not populated at all. More and more people are taking part in activities like rock climbing, white-water rafting, paragliding and more. Who Takes Part? More often than not, the typical adventure tourist will be 30 years old, unmarried person and have no children. Due to the expensive nature of these holidays, those taking part will most likely be in high power jobs, which would allow them to earn a high income. Most people will come in small groups but there are a few wealthy individuals who go by themselves. As very few people go on these types of holidays, the sector will never be as large as other tourism sectors like eco-tourism. What are the Attractions? The most popular areas for extreme tourism are Peru, Chile, Argentina, Azerbaijan and Pakistan. These areas boast difficult landscapes, hard climates and even unstable political situations. A notable example of this would be the mountainous regions of north Pakistan. They are often described as some of the most difficult landscapes in the world and, as mentioned earlier, some feel that the risky political situation (as it is near an Al Qaeda base) adds an extra thrill. Other more mainstream attractions include desert trekking, canoeing in areas like the Amazon and hiking in the Himalayas. Antarctica: What Activities are there? Most of the activities available in Antarctica are based around the unique climate and wildlife present there. The activities vary from sporting activities such as skiing and hiking expeditions, to viewing the native wildlife like whales and penguins. Activities like living with the Emperor Penguins are very popular among tourists as you aren’t required to be very physically fit and it can be very touching to be around them. Other activities like skiing across large distances or hiking up mountains like Mount Vincent are a lot more demanding physically and as such fewer people go on these expeditions, yet they are still quite popular due to the thrill achieved by taking part in these dangerous activities. How has the Number of Tourists going to Antarctica Changed? Tourism in the Antarctic regions started in the late 1950’s (approximately 1958), half a century after Amundsen and his team first arrived at the South Pole. At this time the numbers of people visiting the area were very low, a stark contrast with the numbers of tourists arriving today which is somewhere around 28,000 people per year. The number of people visiting is only expected to go up as more activities are made and marketing of the area increases. What are the Impacts of Tourism? While those in charge of the tours do their best to ensure that any impacts caused by the tourists are minimal or don’t even happen, it is nigh impossible for them to remove the risk altogether. As a result, there are impacts caused by the tourists and the extent of some of them can be quite considerate. The most obvious impact brought on by tourists is the disturbance of the native wildlife such as the emperor penguins. Human interaction with these animals can cause major effects such as a change in migration patterns leading to further effects in the ecosystem as a whole. Impacts can come in other means as well. The sinking of the MS Explorer showed that access to the area needed to be restricted and lead to fuel spilling in the water, doing untold damage to the marine life. How have the Impacts been managed? All tour operators, of which there are more than 100, are members of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators (IAATO) and are urged to be environmentally friendly in their practices and are asked to convince tourists to be as well. In order to preserve more delicate areas, there are certain Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI’s) which tourists are not allowed to visit so that the wildlife and inhabitants are protected. Anyone wishing to take part in activities on the island must have a permit and are banned from leaving any waste/litter behind and being closer than 5m to an animal. Any ships going to the area is limited in the amount of passengers it can have (500 max of which only 100 can disembark at once).

Data Commentary on Obesity Essay

Introduction After reading and evaluating six articles written by experts on obesity, the data seems to imply that better educating people about how their behavioral lifestyle choices effect their future and current health is the best solution. The six journal articles evaluated and analyzed include: David Freedman’s article, â€Å"How to Fix the Obesity Epidemic,† published in Scientific American in 2011. Green Gregory’s article, â€Å"Physical Activity and Childhood Obesity: Strategies and Solutions for Schools and Parents,† published in Education in 2012. Micheal Wietings article, â€Å"Cause and Effect of Childhood Obestiy: Solutions for a National Epidemic,† published in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association in 2008. George Blackburn’s article, â€Å" Science Based Solutions to Obesity: What are the Roles of Academia, Government, Industry, and Healthcare,† published in 2005 in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. As well a s, â€Å"Obesity Solutions: Report of a meeting,† published in Nutrition Reviews in 1997. Kate Dailey’s article â€Å" Can Laws fix the Obesity Crisis,† published in Newsweek in 2010 Evaluation In his article, â€Å"How to Fix the Obesity Crisis† David Freedman explores topics such as how the US has blindly gone down the path of obesity, what researchers are doing currently to fix the problem, and how these solutions will pan out over future generations. Obese people cost the government millions in medical bills each year while the problem has not hindered. One problem with the research is that many findings challenge one another, which leads to contradicting solutions. Freedman focuses on weight loss programs, such as weight watchers, which have proved successful over recent years. As well as how they have been able to attain success. These programs have shed positive light on the issue, unfortunately there is no way to know if they can maintain success over time and larger populations. David Freedman is a senior editor at Forbes ASAP, and has appeared in many respected journals, such as The Harvard Business Review. The information and statistics stated in his paper are backed by research scientists from respected schools, such as John Hopkins University of School and Medicine, as well as the Kennedy Krieger Institute. Freedman also cites journals such as the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. He begins his arguments by stating facts or statistics from these credible sources, then explains how and why they are relevant, creating a non-biased argument on the issue. The article was written in 2011 and cites statistics as recent as 2010 making all information relevant to the issue as it stands presently. Some experts believe that it is partly the government’s responsibility to fix the problems associated with obesity. Kate Dailey explores this issue in her article, â€Å"Can Laws Fix the Obesity Crisis?† Movements in larger cities such as San Francisco put bans on restaurants, such as McDonalds for advertising high caloric food without also advertising the nutritional facts. These efforts are often shot down early by government officials because of the financial impact they have on corporations. Even when government funds obesity fixes their efforts are too often based on a â€Å"best guess† basis because results of an action are difficult to quantify. Kate Dailey utilizes actual actions governments have taken against obesity in American cities and explains the results that stem from these actions. Newspapers such as the LA Times and San Fransisco Chronicle are primary accounts finding first-hand how these experiments have faired upon implementation. Kate is a senior articles editor at Newsweek, and she reviews hundreds of articles on a broad variety of issues each week. In her article she states both positive and negative impacts of the government taking a stand on obesity, allowing readers to make their own conclusions on the issue. Adult obesity is often preceded by childhood obesity, Gregory Green explores this issue in his article â€Å"Physical Activity and Childhood Obesity : Strategies and Solutions for Schools and Parents.† The youth of today spend more time on passive sedentary activities than they do any others. This  leaves youth not only inactive but also exposed to the ruthless world of advertising by food conglomerates. Obesity does not merely hinder youth physically but mentally as well; once youth see themselves a certain way it is difficult to dissuade their thinking. Parents and schools can play a major role in assisting children by educating them and giving only healthy options when eating. Gregory Green is a Professor at Fort State Valley University where he teaches Health and Physical Education department on top of being the university’s Faculty Athletics Representative . Green consistently cites the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in his article, the leading center for all things disease related, as well as a plethora of articles written by his peers. Green utilizes facts to support claims throughout the paper, which allows him to leave personal opinion and bias out of context. Michael Wieting also explores causes to childhood obesity, and how it links to a lifetime of obesity. Obesity is a caused by â€Å"attacks† on multiple fronts, such as lack of education, genetic factors, and negative advertising by the food industry. Societal factors play large roles against obese children. In urban neighborhoods there is often a lack of open area for activity. Urban areas also lack supermarkets where the healthy food is located. Only in realizing the many causes of obesity is it possible to brainstorm solutions. Advocacy and regulation can play a large role in prevention of the problem while physicians consistently research medical solutions for the obese community. Michael Wieting is a professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Lincoln Memorial University where he is also the Dean of Clinical Medicine. Like Green, Wieting cites the Center for Disease Control and Prevention often throughout his paper. Wieting acknowledges different causes and solutions in his paper, and pulls information from many different scholarly papers written by his peers. His paper avoids bias by explaining multiple viewpoints on the issue, which allows the reader to interpret and make conclusions without any sway from the author. The article was written in 2008 and cites sources from the same year, making the statistics relevant  relevant and current information. George Blackburn reminds readers about the science behind the epidemic of obesity in his article, â€Å"Science Based Solutions to Obesity: What are the Roles of Academia, Government, Industry, and Healthcare.† Scientists are constantly researching reasons behind why some people are obese as well as possible scientific solutions that go beyond the everyday â€Å"go to the gym† solution. As obesity kills more and more people each year, medical institutions are making a point to study the biochemistry behind the issue. Blackburn is an expert in the field of healthcare and nutrition, he currently works as the Associate Director of the Division of Nutrition at Harvard University. Blackburn is on the cutting edge of healthcare information concerning nutrition, which is pertinent to the matter of obesity and fixing the effects obesity has had on the country. The article was written in 2005, however, none of the information in the article has been disproved since the time of publication, which means it is all pertinent to the issue. Blackburn also leaves personal opinion out of the discussion by stating proven facts and explaining why the facts are detrimental to our well-being. In 1997 a workshop entitled â€Å"Obesity Solutions† was held at St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital in New York City in order to address the problem of obesity spreading across America. Scientists had begun finding reasons for obesity which went beyond merely overeating and lack of exercise. Genes in the body and proteins encoded by those genes were found to be one of the many causes for obesity. While nutritional food intake and exercise could greatly impact obesity those new discoveries can yield freedoms to obese people they had never before experienced. This report was groundbreaking and paved the way for millions of dollars in obesity research over the decade that followed. Twelve medical professionals had input in the â€Å"obesity solutions† workshop, all of which were qualified by respected institutions to be part of the research. Although the research is almost fifteen years old it has been the  starting pad for larger discoveries and remains as relevant as it was when it was first discovered. Science remains immune to personal bias because results are not interpreted, they are stated. The scientists thoughts and opinions on the topic are absent, therefore having no impact on the paper. Synthesis The scientific and nutritional community agree that obesity needs to be put to an end as soon as possible for the benefit of all. Experts do not always agree as to the best possible solutions to the problem. They argue that certain solutions can bring about better results than others. Obesity may be solved through government lobbying and intervention, through medical intervention utilizing pharmaceutical drugs or surgery, or behavior modification of obese through healthy eating and exercise.. The government plays a huge role in American citizens’ lives even if most people do not notice or realize. The government regulates what we see on television, what the food industry can and can not do, as well as the curriculum American children are taught in school every single day. The government should be taking steps to end the biggest killer in America: obesity. Blackburn argues, â€Å"the need to update and refine school curricula as a key objective in the fight against obesity.† (Blackburn) This is pertinent to success in defeating obesity because there is an unacceptable health illiteracy in America currently. Kids are not taught how to eat healthy until they take health class in tenth grade in most school districts today. Not only are they kept in the dark when it comes to nutritional information, they are not given the opportunity to combat obesity through physical activity. Wieting cites the CDC, â€Å"participation in physical education has declined 30% in the past decade.† (Wieting) This is a direct result of government interference in Wietings opinion due to â€Å"state and federal pressure to improve performance on proficiency tests by reducing-or eliminating-time for recess and physical education classes.† (Wieting) This proves that governments are more worried about bringing tax dollars home than maintaining a healthy lifestyle within the community it serves. Some argue that the government is taking measures to â€Å"combat obesity† when  in reality they have no effect on the problem. Communities are different all over the country, and â€Å"it’s difficult to evaluate the success rates or determine whether what works in one place will play well in another.† (Dailey) In other words, this means it is difficult to implement the same plans in places where climate psychographics are drastically different. In order to succeed, experimentation will have to take place around the country and implementation of different solutions must occur in order to find out what the most successful approach is. The scientific community can gives a helping hand not only in research of the obesity cause, but also scientific solutions. Scientists are able to discover which types of nutrients are able to help the body shed fat. In 1997 at the â€Å"obesity meeting† in New York it was discovered that, â€Å"high protein diets provide the best short term results, however long term effects are similar, if not the same than most diets.† (Albu) This is important for those just beginning to diet, proving that encouraging beginnings to weight loss positively correlates to successful behavior modification. Scientists have discovered differences in the genotypes of healthy people compared to those of obese people. Genes code for different types of proteins in the body, which have specific jobs to do in maintaining health. the protein Leptin is meant to control the body’s food intake, to tell the body it is full when it has had enough to eat. The New York meeting discovered that â€Å"circulating leptin is reduced in obese subjects during times of hypocaloric intake.† (Albu) Obese people do not stop eating because their brains fail to receive the message that they are full; instead they continue to eat an unhealthy amount of food. Behavior modification and lifestyle changes continue to be the front runner as a cure to the epidemic. â€Å"Programs based on behavioral principles are more likely to help people take and keep off weight than other approaches.† (Freedman) This is the conclusion of a study that was funded by weight watchers, completed by an unbiased third party. The conclusions find that changes in lifestyle by consistently tracking calorie intake, keeping an exercise journal, and recording weight values weekly. are frontrunners the  cure for obesity. Weight loss does not happen quickly, but rather at a snails pace and long term change is critical. Today children are brought up into obese lifestyles which they have no control over. Often times obese children know nothing about healthy meal choices or the positive impact of exercise. â€Å"Today’s children spend hours participating in sedentary activities, and eat more fast food and vending machine food than older generations have in the past.† (Green) Green argues that the lifestyle that Generation Y is being raised in and the social norms that they have been taught are acceptable encourage obese behavior. Commentary It is clear that obesity is caused by a multitude of problems ranging from medical conditions which people have no control over, to lifestyle choices which obese people are encouraged to act proactively about. Continued scientific research allows the community to better understand what causes obesity in certain cases. Research may also lead to an end all be all solution to obesity that could save the lives of millions. It is also clear that taking an active part in changing lifestyle can dramatically improve the future wellbeing of the country. Actively teaching people about the negative impacts their choices have on their own lives could save many misinformed, uneducated people. The data seems to imply that better educating people about how their behavioral lifestyle choices effect their future and current health is the best solution. An education system that stresses healthy living through better eating habits as well as an emphasis on physical education could help to fix the behavioral problems seen in many obese victims. Work Cited Albu, J., Allison, D., Boozer, C. N., Heymsfield, S., Kissileff, H., Kretser, A., Krumhar, K., Leibel, R., Nonas, C., Pi-Sunyer, X., Vanltallie, T. and Wedral, E. (1997), Obesity Solutions: Report of a Meeting. Nutrition Reviews, 55: 150–156. Web. 2 Mar. 2014 Blackburn, George L., and Allan Walker. â€Å"Science-based Solutions to Obesity: What Are the Roles of Academia, Government, Industry, and Health Care?† The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82.1 (2005): 2075-105. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Dailey, Kate. â€Å"Can Laws Fix The Obesity Crisis?† Newsweek.com 16 Nov. 2010. Academic OneFile. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Freedman, David H. â€Å"How To Fix The Obesity Crisis.† Scientific American 304.2 (2011): 40-47. Military and Government Collection. Web. 2 Mar. 2014 Green, Gregory, Brenda Hargrove, and Clarence Riley. â€Å"Physical activity and childhood obesity: strategies and solutions for schools and parents.† Education 132.4 (2012): 915+. Academic OneFile. Web. 2 Mar. 2014 Wieting, Micheal J. â€Å"Cause and Effect of Childhood Obesity: Solutions for a National Epidemic.† The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 108.10 (2008): 545-52. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.

Accounting ASC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting ASC - Research Paper Example An example of these guidelines are those provided by Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) that has within it two methods to recognize revenue for online retailers. One of these methods is the gross method and the other is the net method. Two online retailers that have been used in the examination of these two methods are Amazon and Overstock. ASC guidelines The ASC guidelines recognize two basic accounting methods in the case where one is recognizing revenues. These are the gross method and the net method. The gross method seeks to recognize the total amount of sales that have been made from which any discounts that occur within the time frame opened for discounts are then recorded. These discounts may be accrued in periods. This is where they have occurred in periods that are greater than two accounting periods and where the likely period of payment is not certain. The net method on the other hand records revenue in terms of the net sales that have been made on the product. In th e case where later on the customer decides not to take advantage of any discounts that have been offered then this is recorded as income. Gross method of accounting is one that considers the discounts that may be taken and majorly relies on how good a client is in honoring their obligations to pay. The net method on the other hand looks at the discounts that the customer has not taken advantage of and also on how ineffective the customer may be in honoring their obligations to pay. Amazon Amazon recognizes revenue on its books based on the satisfaction of four factors. The recognition is also dependent on the source of the revenue; this is as to whether it is from direct sales or commissions earned. The four factors considered are that there should be considerable evidence that there is the intent of conducting business. The next is that the goods have been delivered or the service has been rendered. The selling price also has to be determinable and fixed. Finally that the collectio n of the amount is to a certain extent assured. In cases where the price is not easy to determine and Amazon is the primary source of the goods then the net revenue is charged. Subscription fees are recognized as revenues over the life of the subscription. In cases where gift cards have been purchased, they are recognized as revenues when they are used by the customer or when they expire. Amazon is a company that utilizes the net method of revenue recognition. This is evident from the fact that the company recognizes the total revenue that is estimated to stem from any of the transactions that they make netting any promotional discounts that the products may have. This also nets the rebates that the products may attract and the allowance for any costs that may be involved in returning the goods. The recognition of this revenue is also limited to the point where the risk of loss and the title of any product sold have been transferred to the client. Overstock Overstock on the other ha nd has different revenue recognition procedures. They have a customer loyalty program whose revenue is allocated ratably over the period of ownership of the membership card. The revenue from rewards intended for those who are members are recognized when they take advantage of these rewards, when the rewards expires which is usually ninety days after the expiry of membership and when there is a breakage (when the redemption by the customer of rewards is highly unlikely). There have not been any instances of breakage. The revenues from gift cards are also recognized when they are redeemed or when redemption is highly unlikely from experience. It can be seen

Valley Forge in Pennsylvania Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Valley Forge in Pennsylvania - Research Paper Example Valley Forge in Pennsylvania was the site of the military camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778 Valley Forge is among the historical places that marked the American Revolution. Moreover, George Washington and his army spent a harsh winter at Valley Forge in the year 1777 -1778. Furthermore, during this period many of the Continental army perished due to starvation, lack of proper clothing to protect them from the cold and infectious diseases (Webstar 1305). Consequently, the Continental army was reduced to almost half its initial population. However, the conditions at the camp improved when congress sent food at the camp and hygiene standards were elevated. Moreover, the soldiers were drilled and when spring arrived, they were ready and eager to face the British army in the battle field. To this end, the continental army eventually fought with the British army even though they were at draw military wise. The Continental Army left the battle field in high spirits and confidence compared to the previous wars. The subsequent sections will elaborate on the reasons as to why General Washington’s Continental army decided to camp at Valley Forge. Moreover, the challenges they encountered during the encampment at Valley Forge will be discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, the drilling of soldiers by Steuben Baron that took place while they were at Valley Forge will be intricately discussed. Finally, the aftermath of the training process will be summarily discussed. Reasons for Camping at Valley Forge In the 18th century of 1777 George Washington, the general of continental army, moved with his army to the south of New Jersey. His objective was to defend Philadelphia city from the advancing forces of William Howe. Consequently, the two armies clashed at Brandywine on the 11th of September (Hickman 1). As a result, Washington’s army was defeated and flee the city. Washington’s army struck again at Germantown on 4th of October in order to regain initiative but was decisively defeated. Subsequently, with the cold weather approaching Washington moved his army to a winter encampment. To this end, he chose Valley Forge, 20 mile s from Northwest city of Philadelphia. Evidently, the site would easily be defendable from surprise attacks. In addition, provision of food from local farmers would be easy. Challenges at Valley Forge In as much as Washington chose the best place for his soldiers to camp, they still encountered serious problems like lack of food and clothing. The soldiers had little to eat apart from fried dough called fire cakes. Furthermore, the soldiers wore tattered cloths and their accommodation was hastily built. The accommodation consisted of canvas walls and dirt floors that were smoky and cold. Furthermore, the cabins were ideal sites for the spreading of diseases that subjected the soldiers to bouts of cold (Miller 9). In addition, the local farmers were hesitant to give their food in exchange to the almost worthless soldiers. On the contrary, the farmers traded their produce with the British; located miles away Philadelphia; for liquid cash. Furthermore, the local farmers even continued t o hoard food as they waited to earn higher profits in the spring season. Consequently, there were prevalent desertions and deaths from diseases and hunger. This led to a reduction of the continental army to almost one-half of the initial size (Miller 9). In addition, Washington was privately annoyed with the lack of strong commitment from his supposedly patriot fighters. Washington’s Leadership Qualities Questioned Washington’s leadership integrity and qualities were cast openly in doubt by his fellow army officers as well as part of the